高版本Ubuntu安装低版本gcc

Ubuntu不同版本默认apt install gcc安装的gcc和g++版本不同，高版本Ubuntu无法直接通过apt install gcc安装低版本编译器，需要修改apt源，这里以Ubuntu22.04为例，给出安装gcc-5/gcc-7的简单方法

1. 首先需要简单介绍常用国内apt源-->阿里云和清华云(此步骤只是参考可略过)

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
 
## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
 
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
 
## Pre-released source, not recommended.
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse

AWK

上面源中jammy标识为ubuntu22.04，若为其他版本Ubuntu，将对应jammy改为其他版本标识，如focal即可，常用的Ubuntu版本代号如下：

Ubuntu 22.04：jammy
Ubuntu 20.04：focal
Ubuntu 18.04：bionic
Ubuntu 16.04：xenial
APACHE

2. Ubuntu22.04默认安装gcc-11版本，如果需要安装低版本，可以修改apt源，添加低版本ubuntu源来安装

使用下面命令修改apt源

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
SHELL

如要安装gcc-7，在sources.list文件末尾添加Ubuntu 20.04：focal的源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main universe
AWK

如要安装gcc-5，在sources.list文件末尾添加Ubuntu 16.04：focal的源

deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ xenial main universe
AWK

sources.list文件修改完毕后，执行以下命令加载源

sudo apt-get update
PGSQL

注意，有时update时会报错, 提示GPG error缺少公钥，多见于添加了xenial版本源

W: GPG error: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
E: The repository 'http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease' is not signed.
N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.
N: See apt-secure(8) manpage for repository creation and user configuration details.
PGSQL

此时，解决办法根据报错信息“NO_PUBKEY 40976EAF437D05B5 NO_PUBKEY 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32”导入对应公钥即可

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 40976EAF437D05B5
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 3B4FE6ACC0B21F32
STYLUS

然后，再次sudo apt-get update，之后就可以直接apt安装gcc对应版本

sudo apt install gcc-5
sudo apt install gcc-7
APACHE